Unpacking Africa's green transition race

As the world moves towards a green energy transition, countries are facing various challenges along their journeys. The Commonwealth sustainable energy transition (CSET) agenda was launched after the Commonwealth heads of government meeting in 2018, emphasizing the importance of energy to development. Alache Fisho, a Legal Adviser for Natural Resources within the Commonwealth, highlighted the key areas where member countries are collaborating to promote sustainable energy systems. Meanwhile, Bensen Mwakina from Kenya discussed his nation's progress in capitalizing on renewable energy resources, aiming to achieve a 100% renewable grid by 2030. Looking at the landscape of green transition across African Commonwealth nations, Fisho noted the diverse approaches being taken. While some countries like Kenya are leading in geothermal energy, Ghana is focusing on clean cooking initiatives, and Tanzania is making strides in rural electrification. However, a common challenge that these nations face is the need to close the energy access gap, with over 733 million people in the world lacking access to modern energy, the majority of whom are in Commonwealth African countries. The financial aspect of green transition presents another hurdle, with wealthier Commonwealth nations supporting African nations in their sustainability efforts. Mwakina explained the dependence on capital and financing from development partners for projects like geothermal drilling. While local loans are costly, loans from bilateral partners have enabled the success of various renewable energy projects. When it comes to energy resources, the transition is not straightforward. Some countries heavily rely on fossil fuel revenues, while others, like small island nations, face the impacts of climate change and imported fuels. Fisho emphasized that the transition pathways will vary based on national circumstances, with countries embedding natural resources to bridge the energy access gap. Concerns have been raised about the UK, as the head of the Commonwealth, investing more in fossil fuel projects than in green technologies. Fisho highlighted the UK's ambitious net zero targets by 2050 and stressed the collective commitment of Commonwealth nations to the goals set under the Paris Agreement. While the global energy landscape faces challenges, the Commonwealth is working collaboratively towards achieving sustainable energy transitions. The journey towards green energy transition may differ for each nation, but the shared goal of a sustainable future unites Commonwealth African nations. By leveraging renewable energy sources, securing financial support, and navigating the complexities of energy transition, these countries are paving the way for a greener and more sustainable future.