<p><em>In most economies, parents would like to see their children have a higher standard of living, and with it a better life, than they had themselves. In Africa this unfortunately has not been the case for most. In this post which was first published on the World Bank’s Let’s Talk Development blog, and can be viewed here: <a href="http://blogs.worldbank.org/developmenttalk/which-countries-do-children-have-best-chances-surpass-their-parent-s-education?CID=POV_TT_Poverty_EN_EXT">In which countries do children have the best chances to surpass their parent’s education?</a> &#8211; Roy van der Weide and Ambar Narayan look at upward mobility around the world.</em></p>
<p>By <a href="http://blogs.worldbank.org/team/roy-van-der-weide">Roy van der Weide</a>, Economist, Development Research Group, World Bank<br />
Co-authors: <a class="flipboard-author" href="http://blogs.worldbank.org/team/ambar-narayan">Ambar Narayan</a></p>
<p>In most economies, parents would like to see their children have a higher standard of living, and with it a better life, than they had themselves. When children are asked, they too tend to consider their parents a natural benchmark to compare their economic progress against (Goldthorpe, 1987; Hoschschild, 2016, Chetty at al., 2017). A simple measure that captures this notion of progress is the percentage of children who managed to surpass their parents, which we will refer to as <em>absolute mobility</em>. Chetty et al. (2017) find that the United States did exceptionally well by this measure for the generations born in the 1940s and 50s, when over 90 percent of children managed to do better than their parents in terms of income. Absolute mobility in the United States has since faded to around 50 percent for the current generation. How has absolute mobility fared elsewhere in the world? In which economies do children have the best chances to improve upon their parents? Are the highest rates of absolute mobility observed in economies that are starting from a low base?</p>
<p>These are among the questions explored in our new global study, <a href="https://openknowledge.worldbank.org/handle/10986/28428" rel="nofollow">Fair Progress? Economic Mobility across Generations around the World</a>, using the newly developed <a href="http://www.worldbank.org/en/topic/poverty/brief/what-is-the-global-database-on-intergenerational-mobility-gdim" rel="nofollow">Global Database on Intergenerational Mobility (GDIM)</a>. GDIM provides estimates of intergenerational mobility – absolute and relative – for 148 economies representing around 96 percent of the world’s population born in the 1980s, who are the youngest generation of adults to have completed their education. For 111 economies, or 87 percent of the world’s population, estimates of mobility span five decades: from those born in the 1940s to those born in the 1980s. We focus primarily on mobility in education, since human capital is a key aspect of economic well-being and educational mobility has a strong association with income mobility. And crucially, intergenerational data on education is much more widely available than that on income. For absolute mobility, our primary measure is the share of individuals in a generation who have higher educational attainment than their most educated parent (see report). This is a measure of mobility in educational qualifications rather than skills, since it does not consider the quality of education received by individuals.</p>
<p><img loading="lazy" decoding="async" class="flipboard-image" title="" src="http://blogs.worldbank.org/developmenttalk/files/developmenttalk/capture1_32.png" alt="" width="579" height="238" /></p>
<div>The study finds that absolute mobility varies considerably across the 148 economies (for those born in the 1980s), with a clear geographic pattern (Figure 1; darker colors indicate <em>higher</em> levels of mobility). Sub-Saharan Africa stands out as the region with some of the lowest rates of absolute mobility, which is as low as 12 percent in some of the poorest or most fragile economies of the region, compared to over 80 percent in parts of East Asia. Absolute mobility for the ‘80s generation is also relatively high in Europe, Canada, Latin America, parts of the Middle East, and South Africa. On the average, absolute mobility is significantly lower in developing (low- and middle-income) economies than in high-income economies (based on <a href="https://datahelpdesk.worldbank.org/knowledgebase/articles/906519-world-bank-country-and-lending-groups" rel="nofollow">the latest World Bank classification</a>).<img loading="lazy" decoding="async" class="flipboard-image" title="" src="http://blogs.worldbank.org/developmenttalk/files/developmenttalk/capture2_27.png" alt="" width="579" height="322" /><br />
To see whether the gap between high-income and developing economies extends to older generations, average absolute mobility for each group is tracked over time. The averages are unweighted by population, which means that they represent the average mobility of economies and not of the average individual in each group. Figure 2 shows that average absolute mobility is lower in developing economies throughout the 50-year period. The gap is larger for those born in the 1940s and 1950s, and has narrowed over time, largely because of a decline in average absolute mobility in high-income economies since the ‘60s generation, even as it stopped rising in the developing economies.That average absolute mobility has been falling in high-income economies is not surprising – it becomes increasingly difficult to surpass one’s parents in education as tertiary attainment rates increase from one generation to the next. What is more surprising is that absolute mobility continues to be much lower in the developing world and has stagnated for the last 30 years, given that the scope for surpassing the education level of one’s parents is higher in these economies. For example, the tertiary attainment rate among the parents of the ‘80s generation in developing economies is comparable to that of the parents of the ‘50s generation in high-income economies.In Figure 3, we plot the percentage of children who have more education than their parents against the education of their parents for the average high-income economy. As one would expect, absolute mobility (conditional on parental education) declines with parental education. If the same pattern were also to apply to the average developing economy, absolute mobility would be higher in the developing world (where parents have lower levels of education), which is the opposite of what we observe empirically. A likely explanation for this apparent paradox is the lower availability of resources, parental and public, to invest in children in developing economies. And if that is the case, individual born in poorer (and less educated) households are more likely to be constrained in their mobility, which could lead to a different relationship between absolute mobility and parental education in the developing world.<img loading="lazy" decoding="async" class="flipboard-image" title="" src="http://blogs.worldbank.org/developmenttalk/files/developmenttalk/capture3_16.png" alt="" width="579" height="305" />It turns out that the relationship between absolute mobility and parental education is indeed different in developing economies, more like an inverted-U than the declining function seen in high-income economies (Figure 4). The different panels of Figure 4 correspond to the average economy in each of the six different developing regions, as <a href="https://datahelpdesk.worldbank.org/knowledgebase/articles/906519-world-bank-country-and-lending-groups" rel="nofollow">classified by the World Bank</a>. The different shades of blue refer to different cohorts, with darker shades denoting younger cohorts. The inverted-U suggests that individuals with less-educated parents, who are likely to be poorer, are also less likely to be upwardly mobile in developing economies. That the inverted-U is most pronounced in the two poorest regions, Sub-Saharan Africa and South Asia, is particularly suggestive: poorer the region, more likely it is that individuals born to parents who do not have an education lack the means to get an education, which creates something akin to a poverty trap. Fortunately, this poverty trap appears to be weakening with each new generation, as the inverted-U gradually morphs into the pattern observed for the average high-income economy as regions become richer.<img loading="lazy" decoding="async" class="flipboard-image" title="" src="http://blogs.worldbank.org/developmenttalk/files/developmenttalk/capture4_5.png" alt="" width="579" height="358" /></p>
<p>The global picture on absolute mobility in education is thus sobering, particularly for the developing world, as it has stopped rising at a much lower level of overall education attainment than in high-income economies. Behind the story of the averages are however causes for optimism. Rapid improvements from the ‘50s to the ‘80s generations occurred in the developing regions that are primarily middle-income – East Asia and Pacific, Latin America and Caribbean, and the Middle East and North Africa – to the extent that they match or surpass high-income economies in absolute mobility among the ‘80s generation. And even in Sub-Saharan Africa, rapidly rising enrollments for children born after the 1980s suggest that absolute mobility may be on the rise. These findings, along with other highlights from our global study – on topics such as <em>relative</em> mobility in education and income, multi-generational mobility, and the drivers of mobility – will be featured in future blog articles.</p>
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Sub-Saharan Africa suffers from low rates of upward mobility, this is how bad it is…

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<p>Eskom has signed a $100 million loan from German Bank KfW, Spokesperson Khulu Phasiwe joins CNBC Africa for more.</p>


Eskom signs $100mn loan from German Bank KfW

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<p>The “clash of cultures” between former Tekkie Town shareholders and management, and its new owner Steinhoff Africa Retail, took another turn yesterday after STAR published a statement that Former Tekkie Town CEO Bernard Mostert says contained a number of inaccuracies including that Tekkie Town operates in 368 stores.</p>
<p>http://cnbc.africa/videos/</p>


Former Tekkie Town CEO Bernard Mostert refutes Star statement

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<p>As the MICE sub-sector in Rwanda continues to contribute $64 million to RDB annually; priority has been focused on setting up modern entertainment and leisure facilities to help diversify the country’s offerings and attract additional revenues for the sector. Joining CNBC Africa to understand the business of music and leisure in Rwanda is Arnold Ishimwe.<br />
http://cnbc.africa/videos/</p>


The business of music in Rwanda

<p><em>By Zandre Campos, Chairman and CEO of ABO Capital</em></p>
<p>Angola has the potential to become a major exporter, as the country has seen fairly stable intercontinental and global trade growth in the past 20 years. Africa’s top trade partners have included China, the United States, and the European Union, but with variables like politics, pricing, and availability of resources, Angola must continue to allocate the time and funds needed to keep up with supply and demand of its current exports, and start expanding into new sectors.</p>
<p>Africa’s dominant sources of revenue are oil and metal, which account for approximately 90 percent of the continent’s total exports. Angola is one of the few African countries that relies almost solely on these two commodities as its main exports, but the country is taking great steps to invest resources in opportunities with high manufacturing intensity, like food production. According to the <a href="https://read.oecd-ilibrary.org/development/african-economic-outlook-2017_aeo-2017-en#page1">2017 African Economic Outlook report</a>, agriculture provided jobs for more than 60 percent of Africa’s workforce, but accounted for less than a quarter of total exports.</p>
<p>Technological advancements, from motorized equipment to biotechnology like seed modification, have widely contributed to the worldwide growth of agriculture. However, Africa’s farming and processing capabilities are still underdeveloped, and this may be due to the continent’s low import percentage of heavy machinery and transport equipment, as well as climate change patterns. Organizations like ETG, one of the fastest growing integrated agricultural supply chain groups, and a venture that I currently support, are working to ensure the rapid growth of procurement, processing and manufacturing of finished goods, and product distribution through machinery, irrigation, warehousing, and transportation methods. Advancements in computers and the Internet also facilitate trade deals among long-distance business partners.</p>
<p>While technology is critical to the continued development of agricultural commodities, it’s important to note that factors like trade policy, infrastructure, and education impact Angola as an exporter. The African Continental Free Trade Area (AfCFTA), for example, is said to boost African economies by harmonizing intercontinental trade liberalization, removing tariffs on 90 percent of goods once the policy is in effect, and establish free movement of business people and investments. Through the AfCTFA, Africa will see more trade liberalization and enhanced competition with more opportunities with high manufacturing intensity. Technology will be a key driver in maintaining production and ultimately competition.</p>
<p>On the infrastructure side, roads, vessels and flight paths should be readily available in order to move a high volume of product across the border. Fortunately, according to the African Development Bank, the Angolan government had previously committed to allocating nearly $5.5 billion to finance private sector projects in areas with high export potential, like food and agriculture. This includes electricity projects, construction of a new international airport in Angola’s capital Luanda, and a new commercial port north of Luanda. Lastly, farmers, warehouse workers, transportation staff and others closely involved in the supply chain might require additional technical training when there are changes or advancements in equipment.</p>
<p>By investing resources in agricultural and technology, along with the proper infrastructure and education, Angola can become a major exporter in oil, metal and food, fostering healthy economic development in the country, and in Africa as a whole.</p>


Op-Ed: Angola has the potential to become a major exporter, this is what it needs to do

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<p>Tinga Tinga Tales, a musical showcasing Kenyan talent content valid for different age groups and campaign for conservation is set to premiere on Broadway in New York. Joining CNBC Africa is creator, writer and director, Claudia Lloyd.</p>


Kenyan musical to premiere on Broadway

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<p>Nigeria&#8217;s fixed income market was bearish this week due to Foreign Portfolio Investor sales and the new PENCOM regulations. That&#8217;s according to Joy Iyayi, Fixed Income Trader at UBA. She joins CNBC Africa for a fixed income and FX update.<br />
http://cnbc.africa/videos/</p>


Nigerian fixed income & FX markets review

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<p>Agriculture is becoming more profitable, that&#8217;s according to Audu Ogbeh, Nigeria&#8217;s Agriculture Minister. He joined CNBC Africa&#8217;s Christy Cole at First Bank&#8217;s Agric Expo for a chat about how Nigeria can do more to boost its agriculture sector.<br />
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Minister Audu Ogbeh on scaling up Nigeria’s agriculture sector

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<p>Taylor Advisory, a global mergers and acquisition advisory firm, has announced that it is entering the African market, using South Africa as its gateway. This even after South Africa’s economy contracted sharply in the first quarter of 2018, with the biggest such decline in nine years. Joining CNBC Africa for more is Francois Baird, Africa Co-Chairman, M&#038;A.<br />
http://cnbc.africa/videos/</p>


Where Taylor Advisory, which has just entered Africa, sees opportunities

<p>No one saw it coming, but a lasting peace deal may have <a href="http://www.theeastafrican.co.ke/news/africa/chance-of-Ethiopia-Eritrea-peace/4552902-4627576-q14mg5z/index.html">finally arrived</a> for Ethiopia and its longtime sparring partner, Eritrea. The two countries, which share a common culture, language, and history, have been at odds for years.</p>
<p>The conflict came to a head in May 1998 when the two countries <a href="https://www.bbc.com/news/world-africa-44004212">went to war</a> over the border town of Badme. Both wanted it on their side of the border. A peace deal – the <a href="https://peacemaker.un.org/eritreaethiopia-agreement2000">Algiers Peace Accord</a> – was signed by both parties after two years, but neither side complied with it for the next 16 years.</p>
<p>But there’s light at the end of the tunnel. Ethiopia’s new premier Abiy Ahmed has promised to fully comply with the accord. This means he’s willing to end hostilities between the two countries, and to pave the way for peace.</p>
<p>Ahmed has also promised to accept the outcome of a <a href="http://legal.un.org/riaa/cases/vol_XXV/83-195.pdf">2002 border commission ruling</a>, which awarded disputed territories, including the town of Badme, to Eritrea.</p>
<p>On Eritrea’s part, the country’s President Isaias Afewerki recently announced that he’s <a href="https://www.washingtonpost.com/world/africa/eritrea-breaks-silence-and-responds-to-ethiopia-peace-overtures-will-send-delegation/2018/06/20/80c84c5c-745f-11e8-b4b7-308400242c2e_story.html?utm_term=.989ee6374249">ready to talk peace</a> with Ethiopia. An Eritrean delegation has since landed in Ethiopia <a href="https://www.aljazeera.com/news/2018/06/eritrea-delegation-arrives-ethiopia-landmark-talks-180626112950526.html">for talks</a>. And <a href="https://www.bbc.com/news/av/world-africa-44619096/eritrean-and-ethiopian-delegates-meet-for-key-talks">the welcome ceremony</a> for the three-member Eritrean delegation indicated how much Ethiopia wanted to end the current status quo of animosity.</p>
<p>By accepting <a href="https://www.aljazeera.com/indepth/opinion/ethiopia-offers-olive-branch-eritrea-180607104544523.html">Ahmed’s olive branch</a>, Afewerki showed his readiness to engage in a conflict resolution process that could potentially end the most damaging inter-state conflict in the Horn of Africa’s contemporary history.</p>
<p>Soon after his announcement, Eritrea’s anti-Ethiopian rebels (known as the Ginbot Seven) declared their readiness to <a href="http://www.africanews.com/2018/06/21/exiled-ginbot-7-seeks-to-return-and-pursue-a-peaceful-struggle-in-ethiopia/">end armed struggle</a> with Ethiopia.</p>
<p>If the conflict resolution process succeeds it will signal new hope for the entire region. A lasting peace between Ethiopia and Eritrea will provide much needed stability in the Horn of Africa where <a href="https://worldview.stratfor.com/article/understanding-east-africas-power-politics-one-core-time-egypt-somalia-kenya">competing global political dynamics</a> are often at play.</p>
<h2>The history</h2>
<p>Ethiopia’s military regime, led by Colonel Mengistu Hailemariam, was <a href="https://www.nytimes.com/1991/05/28/world/ethiopian-rebels-storm-the-capital-and-seize-control.html">overthrown in 1991</a>. The rebel forces, including the Tigray People’s Liberation Front and Eritrean People’s Liberation Front, joined forces to defeat Mengistu and played a major role in bringing systemic change to Ethiopia.</p>
<p>After this victory, the Eritrean People’s Liberation Front actively pursued its long-held aspiration to administer the state of Eritrea, which then formally seceded in 1993. Meanwhile, the Tigray People’s Liberation Front led the formation of a <a href="https://theconversation.com/a-strong-opposition-is-the-only-solution-to-dislodging-ethiopias-ruling-coalition-89698">four party coalition</a> known as the Ethiopian People’s Revolutionary Democratic Front which has governed Ethiopia ever since.</p>
<p>The two ruling parties enjoyed a promising honeymoon period in the transitional years after Mengistu’s ouster. Ethiopia used Eritrea’s Red Sea Port for its import-export trade. Eritrea’s government continued to use Ethiopia’s currency, the Birr. But it wasn’t long before the regime in Ethiopia started questioning the Eritrean regime over a series of its <a href="https://www.globalsecurity.org/military/world/eritrea/forrel-ethiopia.htm">fiscal and political policies</a>.</p>
<p>Relations began to sour and quickly deteriorated to the point of war which first broke out in May 1998. Because their shared border had never been demarcated Eritrea laid claim to, and invaded Badme. The invasion developed into full blown conflict, claiming the lives of hundreds of thousands soldiers from both sides.</p>
<p>It was disastrous for both sides. Meles Zenawi, then Ethiopia’s premier, and President Afewerki oversaw the destruction of two struggling economies. They also created a <a href="http://nai.uu.se/news/articles/2016/03/23/121109/2016_2_Policy-Note_Redie-Bereketeab_Web-Version.pdf">humanitarian crisis</a> in the region. Both nations engaged in <a href="https://www.cfr.org/news-releases/ethiopia-eritrea-proxy-war-somalia-risks-broader-regional-conflict-warns-new-council">regional proxy wars</a>, most notably in Somalia. And both countries hosted anti-regime rebel forces from the other side.</p>
<p>Former Ethiopian Prime Minister Hailemariam Desalegn, who ruled from 2012 to early 2018, was unable to engage meaningfully with Eritrea for a variety of reasons including <a href="http://www.madote.com/2015/07/tplf-selling-fear-doubt-cheap.html">stiff resistance</a> from the old guard among political elites and lack of response from Eritrea. This impasse led to a stalemate between the two countries which became known as “<a href="https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/full/10.1080/17531055.2018.1483865">no war and no peace</a>”.</p>
<p>But Ethiopia’s new premier is showing stronger resolve by promising to enforce the Algiers Peace Accord, and accepting the boundary commission’s decision on the Ethiopia/Eritrea border demarcation. Luckily for Abiy, Afewerki has responded positively.</p>
<h2>Peace and economic stability in the Horn</h2>
<p>The conflict between Ethiopia and Eritrea has had a destabilising influence on the Horn. One point of contention has been Ethiopia’s <a href="https://www.news24.com/Africa/News/thousands-of-ethiopia-troops-enter-somalia-to-hunt-al-shabab-20171102-2">military presence in Somalia</a>. Backed by the West, the country’s military is supporting the Somali government to fight Al-Shabaab. Eritrea has <a href="https://www.theguardian.com/world/2010/jan/10/horn-africa-growing-instability">criticised this intervention</a> claiming that Ethiopia’s presence in Somalia is doing more harm than good.</p>
<p>For its part, Ethiopia has accused Eritrea of <a href="https://www.aljazeera.com/news/africa/2012/07/2012716164543714168.html">supporting the terrorists</a>. Over the years, this proxy war between the two countries has had the <a href="https://www.cfr.org/news-releases/ethiopia-eritrea-proxy-war-somalia-risks-broader-regional-conflict-warns-new-council">potential to spark regional conflict</a>.</p>
<p>The conflict between Ethiopia and Eritrea also spilled over into neighbouring Djibouti. Djibouti, which is one of Ethiopia’s main economic allies, has been engaged in a <a href="https://www.bbc.com/news/world-africa-40340210">war with Eritrea</a> over a disputed border at Dumeira Mountain and Dumeira Island, which are claimed by both countries. The area is one of the world’s busiest shipping routes and has long been recognised as being a part of Djibouti.</p>
<p>Ultimately, the prospect of peace between Ethiopia and Eritrea is likely to have a calming effect on the Horn. If stability is achieved, Ethiopia – a country with an estimated population of <a href="http://www.worldometers.info/world-population/ethiopia-population/">over 100 million</a> – could realise its potential as a regional economic and military power. This is political capital that it could use to transform the region into a united economic powerhouse.</p>
<p>Regional efforts to integrate economically have already started with the governments of <a href="http://allafrica.com/stories/201803020619.html">Ethiopia and Djibouti’s</a> leading the charge. And Prime Minister Ahmed has also reached an agreement with Kenya to partner on <a href="http://www.theeastafrican.co.ke/business/Ethiopia-Djibouti-Kenya-partner-mega-projects/2560-4558022-o0pwn9z/index.html">port development projects</a>. The premier has also signed port development and <a href="http://allafrica.com/stories/201805220671.html">economic agreements</a> with Somaliland. <a href="https://www.nation.co.ke/news/africa/Ethiopia-Somalia-joint-port-deals/1066-4616104-e7g12uz/index.html">Similar agreements</a> have been reached with Somalia.</p>
<p><img loading="lazy" decoding="async" src="https://counter.theconversation.com/content/98888/count.gif?distributor=republish-lightbox-basic" alt="The Conversation" width="1" height="1" />In the same vein, Eritrea also has an opportunity to rehabilitate its economy by reviving its ties with Ethiopia.</p>
<p><a href="https://theconversation.com/profiles/yohannes-gedamu-432503">Yohannes Gedamu</a>, Lecturer of Political Science, <em><a href="http://theconversation.com/institutions/georgia-gwinnett-college-2416">Georgia Gwinnett College</a></em></p>
<p>This article was originally published on <a href="http://theconversation.com">The Conversation</a>. Read the <a href="https://theconversation.com/what-peace-between-eritrea-and-ethiopia-will-mean-for-the-horn-of-africa-98888">original article</a>.</p>


Here’s how peace deal between Ethiopia and Eritrea could benefit Horn of Africa

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<p>The Interest Rate debate engages both sides of the capping divide with an intention of deeply analysing the impact of capping of interest rates and coming up with possible solutions and ways forward.<br />
http://cnbc.africa/videos/</p>


Impact of interest rate capping on the Kenyan economy

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<p>How can productivity be improved in Nigeria&#8217;s agriculture sector? CNBC Africa&#8217;s Christy Cole caught up with Adesola Adeduntan, Managing Director and CEO of First Bank of Nigeria and Subsidiaries at the bank&#8217;s Agric expo themed innovating for a sustainable green economy.<br />
http://cnbc.africa/videos/</p>


How innovation can improve productivity in Nigeria’s agriculture sector

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<p>The African Risk Capacity was established as a specialised agency of the African Union to help member states improve their capacity to better plan, prepare and respond to extreme weather events and natural disasters in order to ensure food security. Ekhosuehi Iyahen, Director for Policy and Technical Advisory Services at the African Risk Capacity joins CNBC Africa to better understand the operations of the organisation in insuring against extreme weather events.<br />
http://cnbc.africa/videos/</p>


Insuring against extreme weather events

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<p>CNBC Africa is joined by Founder and Managing Director at Green Scooter Fezile Dhlamini. He decided to launch his own all green e-hailing service which is reported to be a capable rival for Uber and Taxify.<br />
http://cnbc.africa/videos/</p>


This new green e-hailing service is set to rival Uber

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<p>The Steinhoff saga is possibly the biggest case of corporate fraud in South Africa&#8217;s business history, which saw the company’s share price collapsing to the brink of death. Co-author of a research study on Steinhoff and Professor of leadership and organisational behaviour at the University of Stellenbosch Business School, Professor Mias de Klerk is of the view that the business school has a duty to reflect on real-life business cases and to extract general lessons to be learnt.<br />
http://cnbc.africa/videos/</p>


Lessons to be learnt from the Steinhoff saga

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<p>The United Nations Development Programme has unveiled a pan-African entrepreneurship platform in partnership with Accenture South Africa. Youth for Africa and SDG, known as YAS! and it will be an online platform for East, West and Southern Africa. CNBC Africa is joined by Sandiso Sibisi, Open Innovation lead for Accenture Africa.<br />
http://cnbc.africa/videos/</p>


UN, Accenture Africa launch entrepreneurship platform targeting the youth

<p><iframe loading="lazy" src="https://www.youtube.com/embed/ZRFXayzRKn8" width="640" height="360" frameborder="0" allowfullscreen=""></iframe></p>
<p>The South Africa – Africa Trade and Investment Promotion Programme officially launched with dignitaries coming from across the continent to delve in to the challenges faced by African Trade. Vuyani Jarana, CEO, South African Airways spoke to CNBC Africa for more.<br />
http://cnbc.africa/videos/</p>


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