OECD: COVID-19 & recession challenged gains from gender equality

The OECD Development Centre has recently released its 2021 Social Institutions and Gender Index, highlighting the importance of addressing discriminatory social institutions to achieve gender equality. In a TV interview on CNBC Africa, Bathylle Missika, Head of Networks, Partnerships, and Gender at the OECD Development Centre, emphasized the critical findings of the report. Missika pointed out both positive and negative developments in various areas, shedding light on the progress made and the challenges that still lie ahead. One of the key highlights of the report was the significant advancements in women's representation in politics over the last two decades. Temporary special measures such as quotas have played a vital role in bridging the gender gap in political leadership. Countries that have implemented these measures have seen a noticeable difference in women's participation compared to those that have not. This positive trend signals progress towards gender parity in political decision-making. Furthermore, access to financial services for women has improved, with all African countries granting women equal rights to credit regardless of their marital status. This legal framework marks a positive step towards financial inclusion and economic empowerment for African women. However, despite these advancements, challenges persist, particularly in addressing domestic violence and harmful practices such as female genital mutilation (FGM). Missika highlighted that while attitudes towards domestic violence have shifted, with a decrease in acceptance among women, there is still much work to be done. Over a third of African countries lack laws outlining criminal penalties for domestic violence, indicating a gap in legal protections for victims. Additionally, the prevalence of intimate partner violence and sexual violence remains high, with a significant number of women experiencing such abuse in their lifetime. The issue of female genital mutilation also poses a significant challenge, with many countries lacking laws to criminalize this harmful practice. Missika emphasized the slow progress in reducing FGM rates, particularly in countries like Sierra Leone and Mali where prevalence rates are alarmingly high. Economic empowerment was another key area of concern highlighted in the report. Despite improvements in access to certain professions, there are still laws in 20 countries restricting women from entering specific fields. The gender gap in labor force participation also remains significant, with women comprising only 54% of the labor force compared to 73% of men. Horizontal segregation further limits women's opportunities, leading to their concentration in sectors like caregiving. The COVID-19 pandemic and subsequent lockdowns exacerbated these challenges, underscoring the need for targeted interventions to support women's economic empowerment. Missika noted the lack of female land ownership in the agricultural sector as a barrier to economic independence for women. Overall, the 2021 Social Institutions and Gender Index provides a comprehensive overview of the progress and persistent challenges in achieving gender equality in Africa. Addressing discriminatory social institutions and promoting legislative reforms are crucial steps towards creating a more equitable society for all.