Combating Africa’s malaria burden requires substantial investments

Governments in Africa are facing a significant challenge in eliminating the high disease burden caused by malaria across the continent. With the threat of malaria mutations spreading rapidly, it is crucial for countries to take proactive measures to combat this deadly disease. CNBC Africa recently spoke with Dr. Caroline Boulton, Global Program Head for Malaria at Novartis, to discuss the actions being taken to control malaria and the impact it has on communities. Dr. Boulton highlighted the importance of conducting clinical trials in countries where malaria is prevalent to ensure effective treatment for patients in the future. She emphasized the devastating effects of malaria on households, especially in highly endemic areas where individuals can suffer from multiple episodes of the disease, leading to long-term cognitive impairment and economic hardships. The burden of malaria not only affects the health of individuals but also hinders their educational and economic opportunities. Dr. Boulton shed light on key insights gathered from clinical trials conducted in Africa, where the most deadly malaria parasite species, falciparum, is responsible for 95% of cases. While some countries have made progress in eliminating malaria in certain districts, others continue to struggle with high disease burdens. Climate change further complicates the situation by creating new populations at risk of malaria due to the survival of malaria-carrying mosquitoes in previously unaffected areas. Additionally, genetic mutations in the malaria parasite have led to resistance to anti-malarial drugs, prolonging the duration of the disease and increasing the risk of treatment failure. In the face of these challenges, Dr. Boulton emphasized the need for governments to invest in comprehensive malaria control measures. This includes prioritizing vector control, prevention strategies such as bed nets and indoor spraying, as well as ensuring access to effective treatments for infected individuals. She urged governments to adopt a holistic approach to malaria management and to anticipate the threat posed by mutations to prevent the spread of drug-resistant strains across borders. While some countries have made significant strides towards malaria elimination, more investment and interventions are required to meet the WHO's goal of reducing malaria-related cases and deaths by 2030. As the conversation with Dr. Boulton drew to a close, the focus shifted to the importance of research and funding in tipping the scale for African countries in the fight against malaria. Drawing on successful examples from countries like China and Rwanda, Dr. Boulton stressed the need for data-driven interventions and continuous monitoring to ensure the effectiveness of malaria control programs. She emphasized the importance of tailoring interventions to different stages of elimination, highlighting the necessity of treating asymptomatic carriers to achieve complete eradication of the disease. In conclusion, while the global effort to eliminate malaria faces challenges and setbacks, there are glimmers of hope in the success stories of countries making progress towards reducing the disease burden. Dr. Boulton underscored the importance of remaining vigilant even after achieving elimination to prevent the resurgence of malaria. With continued investment, research, and coordinated efforts, African countries can work towards a future free from the devastating impact of malaria.