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<p>African airlines are set to report a $300 million loss in 2019, while globally airlines look set to achieve a decade of profits. This is according to an outlook for the coming year by International Air Transport Association. The Association has released a report with a 2019 outlook of airline industry per region in the world.This outlook makes Africa the weakest region as has been the case over the past four years. Brian Pearce, Chief Economist at International Air Transport Association joins CNBC Africa for more.</p>


IATA forecasts $300 mn net loss for African airlines in 2019

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<p>The court has ordered that former President Jacob Zuma must pay his legal fees in his ongoing corruption case. This judgement comes after a group of opposition parties recently approached the court seeking an order forcing the presidency to stop paying his legal fees. CNBC Africa&#8217;s Karabo Letlhatlha attended court and filed this report.</p>


Court orders Zuma to pay his own legal fees in corruption case

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<p>Kumaran Padayachee, Chief Executive of Spartan SME finance joins CNBC Africa to explore alternative funding solutions to start-ups and SMEs.</p>


Alternative funding solutions for entrepreneurs

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<p>CNBC Africa&#8217;s Karabo Letlhatlha caught up with the leader of Democratic Alliance, Mmusi Maimane to assess the 2018 political year.</p>


DA leader Maimane laments on the year that was

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<p>The Tony Elumelu Foundation has championed and made real investment in African entrepreneurs across the continent. Speaking to CNBC Africa at today&#8217;s Intra-African Trade Fair in Cairo, founder Tony Elumelu highlighted the importance of cross-continental collaboration.</p>


Tony Elumelu urges strong support for Africa’s entrepreneurs

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<p>Retail trade sales increased by 2.2 per cent year-on-year in October 2018, up from 0.6 per cent in the previous month. The biggest contributor was retailers in the household furniture, appliances and equipment was up 10.1 per cent. CNBC Africa&#8217;s Kopano Gumbi spoke to Tsitsi Hatendi-Matika, Head Retail Investment Specialist, Absa&#8217;s Wealth &#038; Investment Management to unpack these numbers.</p>


Retail trade sales rose 2.2% y/y in October 2018

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<p>Banyana Banyana coach Desiree Ellis and former Banyana captain Portia Modise join CNBC Africa to talk about the state of women’s football in South Africa.</p>


Former Banyana Banyana captain Portia Modise bemoans lack of support for women’s football in SA

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<p>China and United States are battling for influence in African infrastructure lending. This is according to a new research by Baker McKenzie. This report shows that development finance lending from state-backed institutions is the most important component of infrastructure funding in the sub-Saharan. Most interesting from this research titled &#8216;A Changing World: New trends in emerging market infrastructure&#8217;, is that African economies will come out the big winner in all this. Jen Stolp, Head of Project Finance at Baker McKenzie joins CNBC Africa for more.</p>


China, US battle for influence in Africa

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<p>Manufacturing and construction industries have been the main sectors to shed most jobs. This has been reported in the third quarter employment numbers released by Statistics SA. These results show a decrease of 16 thousand jobs in formal non-agricultural sector the quarter ended in September. Joining CNBC Africa to unpack the employment survey for the third quarter is Matlapane Masupye, Director Employment Statistics at StatsSA.</p>


Manufacturing, mining major contributors to third quarter job losses

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<p>The ongoing battle between striking members of AMCU and management of Sibanye –Stillwater continues. A number of employees have been injured and others killed following unconfirmed circumstances that are alleged to emanate from the strike action.</p>


Sibanye’s Themba Nkosi gives update on wage dispute with AMCU

<figure>
    <img decoding="async" src="https://images.theconversation.com/files/246670/original/file-20181121-161624-1e5fgu1.jpg?ixlib=rb-1.1.0&#038;q=45&#038;auto=format&#038;w=754&#038;fit=clip" alt="File 20181121 161624 1e5fgu1.jpg?ixlib=rb 1.1" />
      <figcaption>
        At about 21 million strong, nurses make up half of the world’s health workforce.
        <span class="attribution"><span class="source">SIM USA/Shutterstock</span></span>
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By <span><a href="https://theconversation.com/profiles/sharon-brownie-602186">Sharon Brownie</a>, <em><a href="http://theconversation.com/institutions/the-aga-khan-university-2957">The Aga Khan University </a></em></span>

<p>Nurses in Kenya are <a href="https://www.the-star.co.ke/news/2018/12/09/nurses-postpone-planned-strike-give-room-for-talks_c1863236">threatening</a> to strike, protesting that the government had failed to increase their salaries in spite of an agreement which ended a five-month strike last year. If they <a href="https://www.the-star.co.ke/news/2017/12/25/a-striking-nation-will-2018-be-different_c1689362">strike</a> this would be the second time in two years and it could create another public health crisis because of the huge role that nurses play.</p>

<p>Kenya’s almost <a href="http://www.human-resources-health.com/content/12/1/6">16,500</a> nurses <a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3913960/pdf/1478-4491-12-6.pdf">work across</a> all levels of health care; from primary care dispensaries and clinics to major hospitals. In some settings they may be the highest qualified, or only health professional, there. This means they provide essential public health prevention, health treatment and emergency services.  </p>

<p>My colleagues and I put together <a href="http://www.wish.org.qa/wp-content/uploads/2018/11/IMPJ6078-WISH-2018-Nursing-181026.pdf">a report</a> for the recent <a href="http://www.wish.org.qa/">world innovation summit for health</a>. We worked with a team of experts to review global evidence and explain why to quickly, and cost-effectively, expand universal health coverage, there must be proper investment in nurses. </p>

<p><a href="https://www.newsweek.com/world-bank-who-health-care-poor-global-access-748117">Nearly</a> one billion people around the world can’t access or afford basic health care. At <a href="https://www.who.int/hrh/nursing_midwifery/en/">about</a> 21 million strong, nurses make up half of the health workforce. If they are properly resourced and empowered, they could help to quickly spread universal health care, expanding services to under-served communities. </p>

<p>One of President Uhuru Kenyatta’s “four pillars” is universal health care. Ksh44.6 billion (about USD$420million) <a href="https://www.nation.co.ke/news/Uhuru-Big-Four-agenda-Sh400bn/1056-4613314-hj1i4g/index.html">was allocated</a> into the sector so that all Kenyans could have access to critical health care services.</p>

<p>But unless proper investment is made in the workforce, it won’t work. While increasing allowances is important, nurses must be empowered to reach their full potential. Also worrying is the recent redrafting of the <a href="https://www.standardmedia.co.ke/article/2001275711/nurses-takes-on-doctors-over-management-positions-in-public-hospitals">Kenyan Health Act</a> which limits the leadership potential and opportunities for nurses within the public health system.  </p>

<h2>The steps</h2>

<p>Kenya currently <a href="https://data.worldbank.org/indicator/SH.MED.NUMW.P3?locations=KE-XU">has</a> about 1.6 practicing nurses to 1,000 people, significantly less than western countries like Canada (9.8) and Australia at (12.9). Not enough nurses are joining the force, about 600 <a href="https://www.the-star.co.ke/news/2018/05/24/600-nurses-migrate-annually-in-search-for-greener-pastures-abroad_c1763028">leave the</a> country each year and <a href="https://www.nation.co.ke/news/Medical-care-crisis-looms-as-13000-nurses-set-to-retire-/1056-1356008-csmtpx/index.html">many are</a> retiring, or close to retirement. </p>

<p>Their low numbers mean they often attend over 100 patients per day, and in many rural health centres they are the only professional care available. And yet they could offer a solution to Kenya’s challenges of making health care <a href="https://www.nation.co.ke/health/Need-for-affordable-and-quality-healthcare/3476990-4721306-7v0527z/index.html">accessible</a> and <a href="https://www.standardmedia.co.ke/article/2001271055/yes-affordable-healthcare-is-no-rocket-science">affordable</a>.</p>

<p>There are three reasons to invest in nurses and midwives:</p>

<p><strong>Rapid expansion</strong></p>

<p>By investing in nurses, Kenya can quickly expand quality medical services because of the availability of nurses. </p>

<p>Doctors are important members of the health care team but there’s not enough of them to make a major impact on the rapid scale-up of universal health care. <a href="https://data.worldbank.org/indicator/SH.MED.NUMW.P3">In Kenya</a> there’s 1.6 nurses and midwives for every thousand people, while just 0.1 doctors. Nurses and midwives <a href="https://www.cochranelibrary.com/cdsr/doi/10.1002/14651858.CD001271.pub3/full">are able</a> to provide care of equal value to doctors when it comes to the <a href="https://practicebusiness.co.uk/practice-nurse-led-care-just-as-good-as-gp-care-report-shows/">basics</a> of primary health care prevention and follow-up. This includes prevention, early detection and support for longer term chronic disease. </p>

<p>To take advantage of this, Kenya must adopt a strategy that combines investment in nurses with changes in service delivery and practice. <a href="https://human-resources-mhealth.biomedcentral.com/articles/10.1186/1478-4491-12-47">Investment</a> would mean more people go into nursing schools, graduate nurses get full employment and there are increased pathways for upgrading the current nursing workforce. For instance programmes, like the one <a href="https://www.aku.edu/sonamea/Pages/home.aspx">we offer</a> at Aga Khan University, which allows nurses to upgrade their qualifications while still working.</p>

<p>Changes in service delivery would include the creation of more nurse-led clinics, and more specialist nurses and midwifery services. </p>

<p><strong>Cost-effective expansion</strong></p>

<p>Because there are at least three times more nurses and midwives than doctors, it will be more cost-effective for Kenya to increase their skills. </p>

<p>There is enormous potential for nurses to expand their scope of practice through task-sharing with doctors. One study in the report estimates that some nurses can complete approximately 70% of a general practitioner’s workload. This would free up doctors so they can attend to patients that need more intensive medical care.</p>

<p><strong>High-quality expansion</strong></p>

<p>High quality expansion involves moving nurses and midwives into more advanced, speciality roles.</p>

<p>There is <a href="https://www.jpedhc.org/article/S0891-5245(14)00142-4/abstract">evidence</a> that an approach centred on nurses and patients will have a positive impact on access and satisfaction. <a href="https://www.bmj.com/content/324/7341/819">Studies show</a> that nurses generally achieve equivalent health outcomes as doctors for long-term non-communicable diseases management.</p>

<p>Nurses <a href="https://www.bmj.com/content/324/7341/819">often</a> also score higher for patient satisfaction and for treatment adherence. Patients are more likely to return for follow-up appointments and take prescribed medicines. Because they have so much contact with patients, nurses are <a href="https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=OGDXKPt_lio">well-positioned</a> to provide simultaneous health-promotion and disease prevention advice. They also take <a href="https://vimeo.com/210622326">on roles</a> in coordinating and supporting teams of primary health care workers. </p>

<p>These factors all give a powerful case for why, in order to achieve universal health care, governments must invest in their nurses.<img loading="lazy" decoding="async" src="https://counter.theconversation.com/content/107311/count.gif?distributor=republish-lightbox-basic" alt="The Conversation" width="1" height="1" style="border: none !important; box-shadow: none !important; margin: 0 !important; max-height: 1px !important; max-width: 1px !important; min-height: 1px !important; min-width: 1px !important; opacity: 0 !important; outline: none !important; padding: 0 !important; text-shadow: none !important" /></p>

<p><span><a href="https://theconversation.com/profiles/sharon-brownie-602186">Sharon Brownie</a>, Dean, Nursing and Midwifery, <em><a href="http://theconversation.com/institutions/the-aga-khan-university-2957">The Aga Khan University </a></em></span></p>

<p>This article is republished from <a href="http://theconversation.com">The Conversation</a> under a Creative Commons license. Read the <a href="https://theconversation.com/to-achieve-universal-healthcare-kenya-must-invest-more-in-its-nurses-107311">original article</a>.</p>

Here’s how this East African nation can invest in its nurses in order to achieve universal healthcare

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<p>Ajiv Maharaj, eThekwini Deputy Head, Policy, Strategy, Information and Research spoke to CNBC Africa’s Fifi Peters about Durban’s 5-year plan to reshape the city on the side-lines of the 2018 Shape Durban Conference.</p>


Ajiv Maharaj on Durban’s 5-year plan to reshape the city

By <span><a href="https://theconversation.com/profiles/gaathier-mahed-185827">Gaathier Mahed</a>, <em><a href="http://theconversation.com/institutions/nelson-mandela-university-1946">Nelson Mandela University</a></em></span>


<p>When you think of a country’s water resources, you may not realise that there are many kinds. Some is surface water, such as dams and rivers. There’s also groundwater, which includes aquifers and, in some places, artificial recharge schemes that transfer surface water below-ground to store it.</p>

<p>Ideally, countries should take an integrated approach to water resource management to help reduce strain on specific water resources while also extending the lifespan of a region’s water supply. Crucially, it involves efficiently managing surface and groundwater resources in tandem.</p>

<p>Many African countries tend to mismanage their groundwater resources. In many instances it’s over exploited and heavily contaminated and in other situations it is merely considered an emergency resource. Instead of managing their aquifers, they advocate for the <a href="http://blog.worldagroforestry.org/index.php/2017/05/10/kenya-launches-national-program-to-harvest-rainwater/">construction of dams to capture surface water</a>. </p>

<p>This approach might work in wealthier countries that can afford to invest in massive infrastructure. It might also be viable in places that don’t record such high rates of surface water evaporation. But it’s not ideal for African countries. </p>

<p>Some years ago, my colleagues and I set out to see whether Southern Africa was ready to shift its focus towards groundwater and, ultimately, to integrated water resource management. To do this, <a href="https://scholar.google.co.za/citations?user=m6uqRGMAAAAJ&amp;hl=en#d=gs_md_cita-d&amp;p=&amp;u=%2Fcitations%3Fview_op%3Dview_citation%26hl%3Den%26user%3Dm6uqRGMAAAAJ%26citation_for_view%3Dm6uqRGMAAAAJ%3Au5HHmVD_uO8C%26tzom%3D-120">we assessed</a> how countries in the <a href="https://www.sadc.int/">Southern African Development Community</a> were managing their ground water resources. </p>

<p>We found that the majority of the countries, have poor governance and record keeping of groundwater resources. Widespread degradation and groundwater contamination were also among the major issues. And, though a few years have passed since this work was done, there have been no real improvements. This is worrying, since the continent’s water problems are <a href="https://thewaterproject.org/water-crisis/water-in-crisis-rural-urban-africa">only getting worse</a>.</p>

<p>These countries and others like them need to develop policy and legislation that stops treating groundwater like an afterthought. Countries must also invest in developing people with the technical skills needed to manage all elements of a water plan, whether that relates to surface water or groundwater. And more public education drives are needed so that ordinary people start understanding the value of groundwater, and protecting this precious resource accordingly.</p>

<h2>Creating a protocol</h2>

<p>Our first step in <a href="https://scholar.google.co.za/citations?user=m6uqRGMAAAAJ&amp;hl=en#d=gs_md_cita-d&amp;p=&amp;u=%2Fcitations%3Fview_op%3Dview_citation%26hl%3Den%26user%3Dm6uqRGMAAAAJ%26citation_for_view%3Dm6uqRGMAAAAJ%3Au5HHmVD_uO8C%26tzom%3D-120">this study</a> was to create a framework for assessing the status of countries’ groundwater management. We drew a number of insights from the <a href="http://www.amcow-online.org/">African Ministerial Council on Water</a>; examined countries’ available documents related to groundwater; assessed scientific literature on the subject and weighed this all up against generally accepted “best practice” in the field of water management.</p>

<p>The <a href="https://www.gwp.org/">Global Water Partnership’s</a> integrated water resource management <a href="https://www.gwp.org/en/learn/iwrm-toolbox/About_IWRM_ToolBox/">toolbox</a> provided a useful benchmark for our work. We drew from its parameters to give countries a rating of “good”, “limited” or “below expectation” in different categories related to water management.</p>

<p>Some countries performed reasonably well. Botswana, Namibia, South Africa and Mauritius, for instance, have functional groundwater databases. This means that they are keeping records of what is occurring in terms of groundwater projects, such as boreholes drilled, as best as they can.</p>

<p>But we identified major shortcomings, too.</p>

<p>Most countries in our study didn’t have any proper plans in place for managing their groundwater resources. Almost all were either over exploiting their groundwater or contaminating it.</p>

<p><a href="https://www.crcpress.com/Groundwater-Pollution-in-Africa/Xu-Usher/p/book/9780415411677">Groundwater pollution</a> was among the big issues we identified. For example, people in villages often build pit latrines close to the wells from which they extract potable water. This is probably partly because people don’t know about the risks involved – but it’s also evidence of governments not doing enough to protect groundwater sources. </p>

<p>These findings suggest that there’s much more to be done in terms of integrated water management in these countries. And groundwater management must be prioritised as part of this integrated approach. </p>

<h2>Plans and policies</h2>

<p>Countries must develop policies and plans that include the management of existing dams and aquifers; offer guidelines for rainfall harvesting and outline effective irrigation strategies that don’t deplete groundwater resources.</p>

<p>One approach which could work particularly well is <a href="https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s40899-017-0212-6">banking water in aquifers</a>. It involves inserting water from multiple sources into groundwater reservoirs so it can be tapped at a later stage. This method is already used in various parts of the world and is known as Managed Aquifer Recharge. </p>

<p>Audits of water use, especially among industrial users, can be helpful in determining where wastage is happening. </p>

<p>Governments can also develop educational interventions to teach people about different kinds of water resources and how to protect them from misuse, pollution or over use. This approach has been <a href="http://waqfacademy.org/wp-content/uploads/2013/02/SaniBook_Draft_2Aug09_1c_Part2_chapter13.pdf">very effective</a> in parts of the Middle East, where mosques and schools have been used to educate communities about water resources and proper use.<img loading="lazy" decoding="async" src="https://counter.theconversation.com/content/107614/count.gif?distributor=republish-lightbox-basic" alt="The Conversation" width="1" height="1" style="border: none !important; box-shadow: none !important; margin: 0 !important; max-height: 1px !important; max-width: 1px !important; min-height: 1px !important; min-width: 1px !important; opacity: 0 !important; outline: none !important; padding: 0 !important; text-shadow: none !important"></p>

<p><span><a href="https://theconversation.com/profiles/gaathier-mahed-185827">Gaathier Mahed</a>, Geohydrologist  Department of Geosciences, <em><a href="http://theconversation.com/institutions/nelson-mandela-university-1946">Nelson Mandela University</a></em></span></p>

<p>This article is republished from <a href="http://theconversation.com">The Conversation</a> under a Creative Commons license. Read the <a href="https://theconversation.com/southern-african-nations-need-to-up-their-groundwater-management-game-107614">original article</a>.</p>

Are Southern African nations doing enough to manage their groundwater resources?

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<p>The Intra-Africa Trade fair kicked off in Cairo today. The purpose of the fair is to boost the knowledge of trade systems in order to ensure that all African countries are able to benefit from the trade agreement. CNBC Africa&#8217;s reporter Christy Cole caught up with the President of Afreximbank Benedict Oramah to discuss the details of this fair.</p>


Afreximbank’s Benedict Oramah on tackling barriers to intra-African trade

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<p>British Prime Minister Theresa May is attending a meeting with European Union leaders to discuss rescuing her Brexit deal. Mrs May is hoping to give the UK parliament a vote on whether to enter the backstop or remain in it. Deon Gouws, Chief Investment Officer at Credo Wealth joins CNBC Africa to give us insight on the matter.</p>


Brexit: Theresa May meeting EU leaders to salvage deal

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<p>As South Africa continues battling with load shedding, businesses are also feeling the pinch. CNBC Africa went out to Soweto to hear about the plight of small businesses owners and brought you this story.</p>


Small businesses battle with continuous load shedding

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<p>Alexander Forbes has released interim results reflecting the challenged economic climate in South Africa which the company has been operating in. The results for six months ended September reports headline earnings per share down by 25 per cent compared to the same time last year.<br />
Group Chief Executive, Dawie De Villiers joins CNBC Africa for more.</p>


Africa

IATA forecasts $300 mn net loss for African airlines in 2019

Court orders Zuma to pay his own legal fees in corruption case

Alternative funding solutions for entrepreneurs

DA leader Maimane laments on the year that was

Tony Elumelu urges strong support for Africa’s entrepreneurs

Retail trade sales rose 2.2% y/y in October 2018

Former Banyana Banyana captain Portia Modise bemoans lack of support for women’s football in SA

China, US battle for influence in Africa

Manufacturing, mining major contributors to third quarter job losses

Sibanye’s Themba Nkosi gives update on wage dispute with AMCU

Here’s how this East African nation can invest in its nurses in order to achieve universal healthcare

Ajiv Maharaj on Durban’s 5-year plan to reshape the city

Are Southern African nations doing enough to manage their groundwater resources?

Afreximbank’s Benedict Oramah on tackling barriers to intra-African trade

Brexit: Theresa May meeting EU leaders to salvage deal

Small businesses battle with continuous load shedding

Alexander Forbes cans Zimbabwe deal

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Africa

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Manufacturing, mining major contributors to third quarter job losses

Sibanye’s Themba Nkosi gives update on wage dispute with AMCU

Here’s how this East African nation can invest in its nurses in order to achieve universal healthcare

Ajiv Maharaj on Durban’s 5-year plan to reshape the city

Are Southern African nations doing enough to manage their groundwater resources?

Afreximbank’s Benedict Oramah on tackling barriers to intra-African trade

Brexit: Theresa May meeting EU leaders to salvage deal

Small businesses battle with continuous load shedding

Alexander Forbes cans Zimbabwe deal

News Tips

Advertise With Us

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