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<p>President Paul Kagame on Tuesday interacted with over 20,000 residents of Nyamagabe, Nyaruguru, and Huye Districts in the Southern province as part of his Citizen Outreach programme. Top of the agenda for the program is to keep leaders accountable of their actions and attaining set target for community development. CNBC Africa&#8217;s Fiona Muthoni filed this report.</p>


President Kagame embarks on Citizen Outreach campaign

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<p>A workshop was held today in an effort to strengthen integrated reporting and disclosure practices among Rwandan companies. The workshop was hosted in collaboration with the Capital Market Authority and International Finance Corporation with the goal of building investor trust and attracting capital. Roman Zyla joins CNBC Africa for more.</p>


Rwandan companies train to strengthen disclosure practices

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<p>Member of Parliament Moses Kuria argues that the amendments to the banking act of 2016 so banks withdrawing from lending to the private sector and individuals and this might drive Kenya’s economy into recession. Seth Marks, Regional Director for Africa at Credit Info joins CNBC Africa for more.</p>


Kenya’s ratings caps have stifled the economy – Analyst

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<p>Access to finance is still the biggest constraint to Small and Medium Enterprises&#8217; growth in Rwanda and this has presented a rather big issue for economic growth since most of these SMEs are agrobased. One in Rwanda however, seeks to unlock cash roadblocks to these businesses through factoring services. Benefactors CEO, Olivia Zank joins CNBC Africa for more.</p>


Benefactors CEO Olivia Zank on easing SMEs access to funding

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<p>Apartment rental prices in Kenya’s capital Nairobi rose by 15.9 per cent in 2018, a rise last seen in mid-2009, according to Realtors HassConsult’s 2018 property index; for more CNBC Africa Sakina Hassanali, Head of development, Consulting and Research at HassConsult.</p>


Nairobi sees highest rise in apartment rentals in 9 years

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<p>AgriFin today launched the AgriFin Digital Farmer, a two year, $5 million initiative to support the expansion of high impact, digitally enabled services to at least 1 million farmers over two years across Kenya, Tanzania, Ethiopia, and Nigeria. Joining CNBC Africa for more on this is Leesa Shrader, Program Director AgriFin Digital Farmer.</p>


Mercy Corps unveil $5mn AgriFin Digital Farmer initiative

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<p>Following the terrorist attack in Nairobi on Tuesday this week, global risk consultancy Verisk Maplecroft’s sub-national analysis for 2019-Q1 ranked the Kenyan capital at higher risk than the average terrorism risk score for East African capitals. The analysis further indicates that such one-off attacks will embarrass the Kenyan government but will not jeopardize its stability. Ed Hobey-Hamsher, Senior Africa Analyst at Verisk Maplecroft joins CNBC Africa to break down these findings.</p>


How safe is Kenya after the recent Nairobi terror attack

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<p>Africa has seen an upsurge in violent terrorist attacks. Kenya&#8217;s recent Nairobi hotel bombing and shooting killed more than 14 people, an attack claimed by the Islamic militant group Al-Shabaab. To speak more on security &#038; countering potential terrorist attacks CNBC Africa is joined by Akinola Olojo, Senior Researcher at Institute for Security Studies.</p>


Strategy to counter terrorism in Africa

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<p>Fifteen people have been confirmed dead after the deadly attack by Al-Shabab in Kenya&#8217;s Nairobi hotel complex. This was due to shooting and bomb blast at a hotel complex in the capital city. A standoff between soldiers and attackers continues with some shooting heard throughout the night. Joining CNBC Africa is owner of a restaurant which was also attacked yesterday, Andrew Musanga.</p>


15 people confirmed dead after bombing attacks in Nairobi


<p>NAIROBI (Reuters) &#8211; A large fire and sustained gunfire sent workers fleeing for their lives at an upscale hotel and office complex in the Kenyan capital on Tuesday afternoon, Reuters witnesses said.</p>



<p>One man came out covered in blood as nearby university students were evacuated.</p>



<p>“I just started hearing gunshots, and then started seeing people running away raising their hands up and some were entering the bank to hide for their lives,” a woman working in a neighbouring building said. She also heard two explosions, she said.</p>



<p>Nairobi police commander Philip Ndolo said they had cordoned off the area around Riverside Drive, where the dusitD2 hotel is located, due to a suspected robbery.</p>



<p>But police are not ruling out a militant attack, police spokesman Charles Owino told Citizen Television.</p>


Terror attacks feared at upscale Nairobi hotel

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<p>Explosion and gunfire shots were heard at an upmarket complex in Nairobi, Kenya’s capital on Tuesday afternoon. Somali militant Islamist group al Shabaab has claimed responsibility for the attack on the hotel; for an update CNBC Africa spoke to eye witness in Nairobi Cynthia Nyamai.</p>


Explosion, gunfire shots heard at upmarket hotel complex in Kenyan capital


<p>NAIROBI (Reuters) &#8211; Kenya’s budget deficit is forecast to fall to 5.0 percent of gross domestic product in the 2019/20 (July-June) fiscal year from revised deficit of 6.3 pct of GDP in 2018/19, the Finance Ministry said on Friday.</p>



<p>The ministry said in a draft budget policy statement that the deficit was forecast to drop to 3.0 percent of GDP in 2022/23.</p>



<p>Reporting by George Obulutsa; Editing by Andrew Heavens</p>


This East African country’s budget deficit is forecast to fall


<p>TULUROBA, Kenya, Jan 9 (Thomson Reuters Foundation) &#8211; For the women of Tuluroba village’s self-help group, the goal was simple: use their combined savings to buy cattle, fatten them and sell them to the beef industry for slaughter.</p>



<p>But there was a problem.</p>



<p>“We had no land to graze the cattle. Nor could we obtain a loan from a bank to buy land, because as women we do not own title deeds,” said Fatuma Wario, who chairs the 13-strong group.</p>



<p>That is common. Few women in Kenya have land title documents, and few are getting them: since 2013, less than 2 percent of issued titles have gone to women, the Kenya Land Alliance, a non-profit, said in March 2018.</p>



<p>And because getting a loan from a mainstream bank requires collateral &#8211; typically in the form of a land title document &#8211; most women are locked out of the chance to start a business.</p>



<p>In the end, the women of the HoriJabesa group borrowed money from an institution that loans money to women’s groups without requiring land title. Instead, the cash from their savings underwrites the loan.</p>



<p>In Wario’s case, that meant switching their savings account to the bank that was prepared to extend a $1,000 loan. Using that money and some of their savings, “we bought cattle and hired land to graze our stock”.</p>



<p>That was in 2017. Doing so meant the group could rent 10 acres (4 hectares) of pasture at a cost of 30,000 Kenyan shillings ($300) annually.</p>



<p>Interest on the loan is 12 percent per year. In their first year they earned $10,000 from their investment &#8211; with each fattened head of cattle bringing in a $30 profit.</p>



<h3 class="wp-block-heading">THOUSANDS BENEFIT</h3>



<p>The first step for Wario’s group was to become a partner with the Program for Rural Outreach of Financial Innovations and Technologies (PROFIT), which is funded by the U.N International Fund for Agricultural Development (IFAD) and the Alliance for a Green Revolution in Africa (AGRA).</p>



<p>David Kanda, an adviser at the SNV Netherlands Development Organisation who has seen the impact PROFIT has had on women like Wario, said about 60 women’s groups in eastern Kenya alone were benefiting from the PROFIT program.</p>



<p>“Apart from livestock enterprises, the programme also supports women to do poultry and bee-keeping on hired land.”</p>



<p>The programme began in December 2010 and is scheduled to run until June this year. After that, it will be evaluated with an eye to continuing it, an official from AGRA said.</p>



<p>Getting a loan requires that the person be an active member of an agribusiness network. She can then apply to a farmer-lending institution for a loan as an individual &#8211; in which case her share in the agribusiness network is her collateral &#8211; or with her group, as Wario’s collective did.</p>



<p>The Agricultural Finance Corporation (AFC), a government agency, is one such lending institution.</p>



<p>To date, said Millicent Omukaga, AFC’s head of operations, more than 40,000 women in Kenya have benefited from non-collaterised loans. None of those loans has gone bad.</p>



<p>“Our aim is to double the number &#8230; of women beneficiaries. But the overall aim is to see them financially empowered so that they can fight for their land rights.”</p>



<h3 class="wp-block-heading">GRASS BOUNTY</h3>



<p>That has proven the case for Mabel Katindi, a widow who lives in Kathiani village in Machakos county, 195 kilometres south of Wario’s village.</p>



<p>The 42-year-old lost her husband a decade ago. Since then she has had to fight off relatives trying to chase her and her three children from the one-acre plot she inherited.</p>



<p>The problem is that her late husband did not have a title deed. As it is ancestral land, it fell under one title deed held by the eldest member of his family, she said.</p>



<p>And without title, Katindi could not get a loan to finance money-earning ventures on her acre.</p>



<p>“Our land is not very good for growing food crops because the rains are not enough. Feeding my children alone has been the most difficult task,” she said.</p>



<p>But after joining the local women’s organisation in 2017, Katindi learned that, as an active member of the agribusiness group, she could use her share to apply for a loan.</p>



<p>In March of that year she borrowed 50,000 shillings from a savings and credit cooperative, and used that to plant drought-resistant brachiaria grass on half an acre of her land.</p>



<p>The grass has thrived, she said.</p>



<p>“Demand for the grass is very high because it makes cattle produce a lot of milk. It also does not require a lot of rain to grow,” said Katindi.</p>



<p>Each bale of grass earns up to 300 shillings, with the half-acre generating 100 bales each year. She uses the other half-acre to grow staple foods for the family.</p>



<p>“My children are all in school. I do not have to worry about feeding them,” Katindi said, adding that the financial returns from the loan had also helped to mend relations with her late husband’s family.</p>



<p>&#8220;I even use some of my money to support the relatives who wanted to chase me away from the land.&#8221; (Reporting by Kagondu Njagi, Editing by Robert Carmichael. Please credit the Thomson Reuters Foundation, the charitable arm of Thomson Reuters, that covers humanitarian news, women&#8217;s and LGBT+ rights, human trafficking, property rights, and climate change. Visit&nbsp;<a href="http://news.trust.org/">news.trust.org</a>)<br></p>


How Kenyan women are turning idle land into gold

By Henk Bouwman, Research Professor Ecotoxicology, North-West University
<p><p>
  <figure>
    <img decoding="async" src="https://images.theconversation.com/files/250912/original/file-20181217-185234-imw1xw.jpg?ixlib=rb-1.1.0&#038;q=45&#038;auto=format&#038;w=754&#038;fit=clip" alt="File 20181217 185234 imw1xw.jpg?ixlib=rb 1.1" />
      <figcaption>
        Shampoo containing plastic microbeads.
        <span class="attribution"><span class="source">KYtan/Shutterstock</span></span>
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<span><a href="https://theconversation.com/profiles/henk-bouwman-553451">Henk Bouwman</a>, <em><a href="http://theconversation.com/institutions/north-west-university-1949">North-West University</a></em></span>

<p>Plastic is everywhere. It is used across a spectrum of applications from durable industrial equipment, household appliances to throw-away single-use items and even the clothes we wear. This wide scope of uses is ascribed to its versatility, low-cost and because it’s extremely durable. </p>

<p>But its properties also make it a problem. Because it’s so durable the lifespan of a plastic product is often much longer than the time it is in use for. This is especially the case for single use plastics like straws, bottles and bags. A plastic bag has an average usage time of 20 minutes, while it can take up to <a href="https://greenerideal.com/infographics/life-cycle-of-a-plastic-bag/">1000 years</a> to break down in the environment. </p>

<p>These large plastics are an environmental hazard. They entangle animals, cause damage to their respiratory surfaces, block their digestive tracts and can cause them to starve to death. </p>

<p>Although macroplastics are a clearly visible environmental pollutant, they are only part of the problem. Recent research has shown <a href="https://www.environment.nsw.gov.au/resources/waste/plastic-microbeads-160306.pdf">microplastics</a> to pose a much bigger pollution threat than previously thought. </p>

<p>Microbeads, like plastic bags and water bottles, are also a form of single use plastic. But, because they aren’t visible, are often disregarded. In recent years, scientists <a href="https://royalsocietypublishing.org/doi/pdf/10.1098/rsos.140317">have found</a> them in deep oceanic water, remote lakes, ground water and even drinking water. They are dangerous as the tiny particles take up harmful chemicals from the environment and, when ingested, act as carriers for pollutants into our bodies. </p>

<p>The problem is microplastics are difficult to get rid of because they’re so small and are found nearly everywhere. The best tactic to fight this pollutant is therefore to reduce the amount of plastics entering the environment. </p>

<h2>Steps so far</h2>

<p>Microplastics have two sources. They can be produced to be microscopically small – like microbeads in cosmetic products. These are tiny round plastic beads, ranging from about a hundredth of a millimetre to one millimetre, that are used to scrub skin for a minute or two before being washed into the environment where they can stay for up to <a href="http://www.vancouverbc.surfrider.org/ban-the-bead/">10 000 years</a>. </p>

<p>But most microplastics result from the breakdown of larger pieces of plastic that were not recycled and break up due to exposure to the sun or physical wear. </p>

<p>Many countries have come to realise the dangers of these microplastics and are taking action. A number have banned the use of microbeads in cosmetic products. These include Canada, the US, United Kingdom, France, Sweden, Taiwan, South Korea and New Zealand. </p>

<p>And in 2018, 57 brands joined the <a href="https://www.beatthemicrobead.org/look-for-the-zero/">“Look for the Zero”</a> campaign which pledges that no plastics are added to products. </p>

<p>In Africa, a number of countries have also started taking action against plastic pollution, with countries like Burundi, Benin, Cameroon, Ivory Coast, Chad, Morocco, Rwanda and Kenya placing a ban on single use <a href="https://www.nema.go.ke/index.php?option=com_content&amp;view=article&amp;id=102&amp;Itemid=121">plastic bags</a>. </p>

<p>South Africa put a levy on plastic bags in 2002, but while it hasn’t proved to be very successful as plastic bags are a leading environmental plastic pollutant, it is now considering a <a href="https://www.beatthemicrobead.org/results-so-far/">microbead ban</a>. This would promote incentives against plastic pollution and encourage other countries to follow suit against a relatively easily removable source of plastic pollution. Many South African cosmetics companies have already committed to keep microbeads out of their products. </p>

<h2>The challenges</h2>

<p>Measures to address the global plastic problem can place a heavy economic burden on developing countries. Because of plastic’s low production cost and usefulness as a packaging material, alternatives for single use plastics are usually expensive and places environmental pressure on other resources. </p>

<p>Microbeads could be a low hanging fruit in the fight against global plastic pollution. It would be easy to remove them and to replace them with more environmentally friendly alternatives like Jojoba beads, ground oats, almond shells and coffee. Emphasis should also be placed on <a href="https://issp.uottawa.ca/sites/issp.uottawa.ca/files/microbeads_-_literature_review_2.pdf">methods</a> of exfoliation other than physical abrasion, like enzyme and acid exfoliation.</p>

<p>The plastic pollution problem is an extremely complex issue and each country with unique socioeconomic makeup needs to tackle it to its own capacity. </p>

<p><em>Carina Verster from the Unit for Environmental Sciences and Management at North-West University also contributed to this article.</em><img loading="lazy" decoding="async" src="https://counter.theconversation.com/content/108763/count.gif?distributor=republish-lightbox-basic" alt="The Conversation" width="1" height="1" style="border: none !important; box-shadow: none !important; margin: 0 !important; max-height: 1px !important; max-width: 1px !important; min-height: 1px !important; min-width: 1px !important; opacity: 0 !important; outline: none !important; padding: 0 !important; text-shadow: none !important" /></p>

<p><span><a href="https://theconversation.com/profiles/henk-bouwman-553451">Henk Bouwman</a>, Research Professor Ecotoxicology, <em><a href="http://theconversation.com/institutions/north-west-university-1949">North-West University</a></em></span></p>

<p>This article is republished from <a href="http://theconversation.com">The Conversation</a> under a Creative Commons license. Read the <a href="https://theconversation.com/why-microbeads-are-such-a-threat-and-why-theyre-so-hard-to-handle-108763">original article</a>.</p>

Why Africa can no longer ignore the microbeads threat

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<p>Investors will need to weather more volatility in order to capture opportunities in 2019, according to the Year Ahead report from UBS, the world&#8217;s leading wealth manager. Michael Bolliger, Head Emerging Markets Asset Allocation at UBS Global Wealth Management Chief Investment Office joins CNBC Africa for more.</p>


UBS investor outlook for 2019

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<p>A healthy nation has the highest chances of becoming a wealthy nation. Rwanda seems to know this all too well. The country has invested $113 million to uproot the deadly hepatitis C disease. CNBC Africa is joined by Nsanzimana Sabin from the Rwanda Boimedical Center.</p>


Rwanda launches $113 mn campaign to eradicate hepatitis C

<figure>
    <img decoding="async" src="https://images.theconversation.com/files/246670/original/file-20181121-161624-1e5fgu1.jpg?ixlib=rb-1.1.0&#038;q=45&#038;auto=format&#038;w=754&#038;fit=clip" alt="File 20181121 161624 1e5fgu1.jpg?ixlib=rb 1.1" />
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        At about 21 million strong, nurses make up half of the world’s health workforce.
        <span class="attribution"><span class="source">SIM USA/Shutterstock</span></span>
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By <span><a href="https://theconversation.com/profiles/sharon-brownie-602186">Sharon Brownie</a>, <em><a href="http://theconversation.com/institutions/the-aga-khan-university-2957">The Aga Khan University </a></em></span>

<p>Nurses in Kenya are <a href="https://www.the-star.co.ke/news/2018/12/09/nurses-postpone-planned-strike-give-room-for-talks_c1863236">threatening</a> to strike, protesting that the government had failed to increase their salaries in spite of an agreement which ended a five-month strike last year. If they <a href="https://www.the-star.co.ke/news/2017/12/25/a-striking-nation-will-2018-be-different_c1689362">strike</a> this would be the second time in two years and it could create another public health crisis because of the huge role that nurses play.</p>

<p>Kenya’s almost <a href="http://www.human-resources-health.com/content/12/1/6">16,500</a> nurses <a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3913960/pdf/1478-4491-12-6.pdf">work across</a> all levels of health care; from primary care dispensaries and clinics to major hospitals. In some settings they may be the highest qualified, or only health professional, there. This means they provide essential public health prevention, health treatment and emergency services.  </p>

<p>My colleagues and I put together <a href="http://www.wish.org.qa/wp-content/uploads/2018/11/IMPJ6078-WISH-2018-Nursing-181026.pdf">a report</a> for the recent <a href="http://www.wish.org.qa/">world innovation summit for health</a>. We worked with a team of experts to review global evidence and explain why to quickly, and cost-effectively, expand universal health coverage, there must be proper investment in nurses. </p>

<p><a href="https://www.newsweek.com/world-bank-who-health-care-poor-global-access-748117">Nearly</a> one billion people around the world can’t access or afford basic health care. At <a href="https://www.who.int/hrh/nursing_midwifery/en/">about</a> 21 million strong, nurses make up half of the health workforce. If they are properly resourced and empowered, they could help to quickly spread universal health care, expanding services to under-served communities. </p>

<p>One of President Uhuru Kenyatta’s “four pillars” is universal health care. Ksh44.6 billion (about USD$420million) <a href="https://www.nation.co.ke/news/Uhuru-Big-Four-agenda-Sh400bn/1056-4613314-hj1i4g/index.html">was allocated</a> into the sector so that all Kenyans could have access to critical health care services.</p>

<p>But unless proper investment is made in the workforce, it won’t work. While increasing allowances is important, nurses must be empowered to reach their full potential. Also worrying is the recent redrafting of the <a href="https://www.standardmedia.co.ke/article/2001275711/nurses-takes-on-doctors-over-management-positions-in-public-hospitals">Kenyan Health Act</a> which limits the leadership potential and opportunities for nurses within the public health system.  </p>

<h2>The steps</h2>

<p>Kenya currently <a href="https://data.worldbank.org/indicator/SH.MED.NUMW.P3?locations=KE-XU">has</a> about 1.6 practicing nurses to 1,000 people, significantly less than western countries like Canada (9.8) and Australia at (12.9). Not enough nurses are joining the force, about 600 <a href="https://www.the-star.co.ke/news/2018/05/24/600-nurses-migrate-annually-in-search-for-greener-pastures-abroad_c1763028">leave the</a> country each year and <a href="https://www.nation.co.ke/news/Medical-care-crisis-looms-as-13000-nurses-set-to-retire-/1056-1356008-csmtpx/index.html">many are</a> retiring, or close to retirement. </p>

<p>Their low numbers mean they often attend over 100 patients per day, and in many rural health centres they are the only professional care available. And yet they could offer a solution to Kenya’s challenges of making health care <a href="https://www.nation.co.ke/health/Need-for-affordable-and-quality-healthcare/3476990-4721306-7v0527z/index.html">accessible</a> and <a href="https://www.standardmedia.co.ke/article/2001271055/yes-affordable-healthcare-is-no-rocket-science">affordable</a>.</p>

<p>There are three reasons to invest in nurses and midwives:</p>

<p><strong>Rapid expansion</strong></p>

<p>By investing in nurses, Kenya can quickly expand quality medical services because of the availability of nurses. </p>

<p>Doctors are important members of the health care team but there’s not enough of them to make a major impact on the rapid scale-up of universal health care. <a href="https://data.worldbank.org/indicator/SH.MED.NUMW.P3">In Kenya</a> there’s 1.6 nurses and midwives for every thousand people, while just 0.1 doctors. Nurses and midwives <a href="https://www.cochranelibrary.com/cdsr/doi/10.1002/14651858.CD001271.pub3/full">are able</a> to provide care of equal value to doctors when it comes to the <a href="https://practicebusiness.co.uk/practice-nurse-led-care-just-as-good-as-gp-care-report-shows/">basics</a> of primary health care prevention and follow-up. This includes prevention, early detection and support for longer term chronic disease. </p>

<p>To take advantage of this, Kenya must adopt a strategy that combines investment in nurses with changes in service delivery and practice. <a href="https://human-resources-mhealth.biomedcentral.com/articles/10.1186/1478-4491-12-47">Investment</a> would mean more people go into nursing schools, graduate nurses get full employment and there are increased pathways for upgrading the current nursing workforce. For instance programmes, like the one <a href="https://www.aku.edu/sonamea/Pages/home.aspx">we offer</a> at Aga Khan University, which allows nurses to upgrade their qualifications while still working.</p>

<p>Changes in service delivery would include the creation of more nurse-led clinics, and more specialist nurses and midwifery services. </p>

<p><strong>Cost-effective expansion</strong></p>

<p>Because there are at least three times more nurses and midwives than doctors, it will be more cost-effective for Kenya to increase their skills. </p>

<p>There is enormous potential for nurses to expand their scope of practice through task-sharing with doctors. One study in the report estimates that some nurses can complete approximately 70% of a general practitioner’s workload. This would free up doctors so they can attend to patients that need more intensive medical care.</p>

<p><strong>High-quality expansion</strong></p>

<p>High quality expansion involves moving nurses and midwives into more advanced, speciality roles.</p>

<p>There is <a href="https://www.jpedhc.org/article/S0891-5245(14)00142-4/abstract">evidence</a> that an approach centred on nurses and patients will have a positive impact on access and satisfaction. <a href="https://www.bmj.com/content/324/7341/819">Studies show</a> that nurses generally achieve equivalent health outcomes as doctors for long-term non-communicable diseases management.</p>

<p>Nurses <a href="https://www.bmj.com/content/324/7341/819">often</a> also score higher for patient satisfaction and for treatment adherence. Patients are more likely to return for follow-up appointments and take prescribed medicines. Because they have so much contact with patients, nurses are <a href="https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=OGDXKPt_lio">well-positioned</a> to provide simultaneous health-promotion and disease prevention advice. They also take <a href="https://vimeo.com/210622326">on roles</a> in coordinating and supporting teams of primary health care workers. </p>

<p>These factors all give a powerful case for why, in order to achieve universal health care, governments must invest in their nurses.<img loading="lazy" decoding="async" src="https://counter.theconversation.com/content/107311/count.gif?distributor=republish-lightbox-basic" alt="The Conversation" width="1" height="1" style="border: none !important; box-shadow: none !important; margin: 0 !important; max-height: 1px !important; max-width: 1px !important; min-height: 1px !important; min-width: 1px !important; opacity: 0 !important; outline: none !important; padding: 0 !important; text-shadow: none !important" /></p>

<p><span><a href="https://theconversation.com/profiles/sharon-brownie-602186">Sharon Brownie</a>, Dean, Nursing and Midwifery, <em><a href="http://theconversation.com/institutions/the-aga-khan-university-2957">The Aga Khan University </a></em></span></p>

<p>This article is republished from <a href="http://theconversation.com">The Conversation</a> under a Creative Commons license. Read the <a href="https://theconversation.com/to-achieve-universal-healthcare-kenya-must-invest-more-in-its-nurses-107311">original article</a>.</p>

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